| 中文名 |
Name |
3-Letter code |
1-Letter code |
Side chain |
Desc |
| 甘氨酸 |
Glycine |
Gly |
G |
H |
Optically inactive. |
| 丙氨酸 | Alanine | Ala | A | -CH3 | The simplest optically active AA. All other AAs will build off alanine, A like the beginning of the alphabet. |
| 缬氨酸 | Valine | Val | V | -CH(CH3)2 | The side chain is branched like a V. |
| 亮氨酸 | Leucine | Leu | L | -CH2[CH(CH3)2] | The side chain is branched like a Y. |
| 异亮氨酸 | Isoleucine | Ile | I | -CH(CH3)(C2H5) | An isomer of leucine. One branch is longer than the other. |
| 脯氨酸 | Proline | Pro | P | -CH2 CH2CH2– | The only cyclic aliphatic. |
| 半胱氨酸 | Cysteine | Cys | C | -CH2-SH | Cysteine has a sulfhydryl (SH) group. |
| 甲硫氨酸/蛋氨酸 | Methionine | Met | M | -(CH2)-S-(CH3) | Thiol is synonymous with sulfur. Methionine is a methylated sulfur. |
| 苯丙氨酸 | Phenylalanine | Phe | F | -CH2(C6H5) | A benzene (or phenyl) ring attached to an alanine. F like its name. |
| 色氨酸 | Tryptophan | Trp | W | -indole ring | AA with the largest side chain, two fused rings (double). |
| 酪氨酸 | Tyrosine | Tyr | Y | -CH2(C6H4OH) | A hydroxylated (OH) phenylalanine. |
| 丝氨酸 | Serine | Ser | S | -CH2OH | A hydroxylated alanine. |
| 苏氨酸 | Threonine | Thr | T | – CH(OH)(CH3) | Three parts to this AA: alanine, methyl, and hydroxyl. |
| 精氨酸 | Arginine | Arg | R | -(CH2)3-urea | The side chain has a urea (NH2-C (NH2+)(NH)) group (A pirates favorite AA, arginine). |
| 赖氨酸 | Lysine | Lys | K | -(CH2)4-NH3+ | The basic straight chain AA with amino group . |
| 组氨酸 | Histidine | His | H | -CH2-(C3N2H4)+ | This amino acid has an imidazole, an aromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms that can be protonated. |
| 天冬氨酸 | Aspartate | Asp | D | -CH2COOH | An acidic alanine. Just remember D. |
| 谷氨酸 | Glutamate | Glu | E | -CH2CH2COOH | A longer version of Asp. E follows D in the alphabet. |
| 天冬酰胺 | Asparagine | Asn | N | -CH2CONH2 | Amidated Asp. |
| 谷氨酰胺 | Glutamine | Gln | Q | -CH2CH2CONH2 | AmidatedGlu. |